![]() ![]() Revealing parent, gender, and culture specific mechanisms of reminiscing style and child development, is important to understand developmental pathways in addition, it can be relevant to conceptualize sensitive intervention programs for families in order to advance children's development of language-, and literacy- skills (e.g., Reese, 1995 Reese, Leyva, Sparks, & Grolnick, 2010). We investigated the intersection of culture and the individual characteristic of gender in mother-child and father-child past event conversations with daughters and sons. In the present study we looked at a social practice becoming particularly relevant for child development with the onset of language: Parent-child reminiscing during the preschool years. As previous studies demonstrated, these orientations are refl ected in parental socialization goals, ethnotheories, and early mother-child interactions of Costa Rican and Mexican middle-class families compared to German middle-class families (Kärtner, Borke, Maasmeier, Keller, & Kleis, 2011 Keller, Borke, Yovsi, Lohaus, & Jensen, 2005 Keller, Lamm, Abels et al., 2006). This means, that in both models the child's psychological autonomy 4 is emphasized however, in the Latin American contexts, it is also important that children develop strong family bonds and obligations. In the present study we investigated three cultural contexts representing two cultural models: Middle-class families from Costa Rica and Mexico on the one hand and middle class families from Germany on the other.Īll families had high formal education however, varied in their household-types (extended in the Latin American and nuclear in the German context), the number of children, and the maternal age at the first child's birth.Īccording to the ecosocial conception of cultural models (Keller, 2011 Keller & Kärtner, 2013) the Western, German middle class families can be regarded as representing the model of psychological autonomy, whereas the Latin American middle class families from Costa Rica and Mexico can be regarded as representing the model of communal psychological autonomy and relatedness. Depending on the respective ecosocial characteristics, specific cultural models can be defined (Keller, 2011 Keller & Kärtner, 2013). Contextual demands vary as a function of the ecosocial characteristics of a context. Palabras clave: conversaciones padre-hijo, reminiscencia, memoria autobiográfica, género, cultura, elaboraciones.Ĭultural values and practices can be regarded as adaptive strategies that have evolved due to specific contextual demands (Rogoff, 2003). Nuestros hallazgos indican la presencia de similitudes y diferencias en las conversaciones sobre el pasado en familias con niveles educativos similares provenientes de distintos contextos culturales. Padres y madres costarricenses evidenciaron niveles de elaboración similares, mientras que las madres alemanas y mexicanas mostraron niveles de elaboración mayores que los padres. En todos los contextos, los progenitores hablaron más acerca de aspectos sociales con las hijas que con los hijos. En comparación con las familias latinoamericanas, las conversaciones de las familias alemanas estaban orientadas socialmente en menor medida. Sin embargo, se encontraron diferencias culturales en algunos aspectos de elaboración. ![]() En los tres contextos, el nivel de elaboración general de las conversaciones fue similar y los niños produjeron una cantidad similar de recuerdos. Keywords: Parent-child conversations, reminiscing, autobiographical memory, gender, culture, elaborations.Įl presente estudio investigó diferencias según cultura y género en las conversaciones sobre el pasado de niños y niñas de 3 años de edad con sus progenitores en contextos urbanos en Costa Rica, México y Alemania. We found similarities but also specificities in parent-child conversations about the past across these contexts with similar educational backgrounds. Costa Rican mothers and fathers were equally elaborative, whereas German and Mexican mothers were more elaborative than fathers. Across contexts, parents talked more about social aspects with daughters than with sons. Compared to the Latin American families, conversations in German families were least socially oriented. However, context specific use of different elaborative elements related to specific elaborative styles. Families of the three contexts were overall similarly elaborative and children contributed a similar amount of memory elaborations. The present study investigated culture- and gender-differences in mother- and father-child reminiscing with 3-year old daughters and sons in urban middle-class families from Costa Rica, Mexico, and Germany. Lisa Schröder 1 ,I Heidi Keller 2 ,II Astrid Kleis 3 ,II ![]() Parent-child conversations in three urban middle-class contexts: Mothers and fathers reminisce with their daughters and sons in Costa Rica, Mexico, and Germany
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